Study on New Biological Controls Against Armyworm

Jenn Hoskins
14th July, 2024

Study on New Biological Controls Against Armyworm

Fall Armyworm Moth (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Photo adapted from: Henrique Pacheco / CC BY (Source)

Key Findings

  • The study took place in Egypt and tested the effectiveness of two biological agents, Beauveria bassiana (a fungus) and Heterorhabditis taysearae (a nematode), against the fall armyworm
  • Both B. bassiana and H. taysearae were effective in reducing fall armyworm populations when used separately
  • The combined treatment of B. bassiana and H. taysearae was significantly more effective, achieving an 83% mortality rate in fall armyworm larvae
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a highly destructive pest known for its ability to travel long distances and feed on a wide variety of crops, including maize and over 350 other plant species. This pest poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, necessitating effective control measures. A recent study conducted by the Agriculture Research Center[1] explored the efficacy of two entomopathogens—Beauveria bassiana and Heterorhabditis taysearae—against S. frugiperda, both individually and in combination. Entomopathogens are microorganisms that cause disease in insects. They include fungi like Beauveria bassiana and nematodes like Heterorhabditis taysearae. These biological control agents offer a promising alternative to chemical pesticides, which can have adverse environmental effects and lead to pest resistance. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of B. bassiana and H. taysearae in controlling S. frugiperda. Researchers first tested each entomopathogen separately. B. bassiana was applied to the pest, followed by the application of H. taysearae two days later. The goal was to evaluate whether a combined treatment would be more effective than individual applications. The findings revealed that both B. bassiana and H. taysearae were effective in reducing S. frugiperda populations when used separately. However, the combined treatment showed a significantly higher efficacy, suggesting that the sequential application of these entomopathogens could offer a more robust solution for managing this pest. These results align with earlier research on the combined use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) for pest control. For instance, a study on the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella, demonstrated that the combination of EPFs and EPNs could effectively suppress pest populations[2]. In that study, the combination of Isaria javanica and the nematode Steinernema riobrave resulted in the lowest emergence of adult pests, indicating an additive effect when both agents were used together. Similarly, the recent study on S. frugiperda found that the combined application of B. bassiana and H. taysearae resulted in a higher mortality rate than either agent alone. The methodology involved in the recent study was straightforward yet rigorous. Researchers first inoculated S. frugiperda with B. bassiana and observed the effects. Two days later, they introduced H. taysearae to the already infected pests. This staggered approach allowed the researchers to assess the cumulative impact of both entomopathogens. The results were clear: the combined treatment was more effective in reducing pest populations than individual treatments. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of biological control agents in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. IPM aims to use a combination of biological, cultural, and chemical methods to manage pest populations in an environmentally sustainable manner. The findings suggest that combining different types of entomopathogens can enhance the effectiveness of biological control measures, offering a viable alternative to chemical pesticides. In conclusion, the research conducted by the Agriculture Research Center demonstrates that the combined use of Beauveria bassiana and Heterorhabditis taysearae is highly effective in controlling the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. This approach builds on earlier findings[2] that showed the benefits of combining entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes for pest control. By leveraging the strengths of both types of entomopathogens, this study offers a promising solution for managing one of agriculture's most challenging pests.

AgricultureBiotechAnimal Science

References

Main Study

1) Effectiveness study of the dual application of new Indigenous entomopathogenic nematode isolate Heterorhabditis taysearae and entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana against armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Published 13th July, 2024

https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-024-00804-5

Related Studies

2) Virulence of Entomopathogenic Fungi to Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Interactions With Entomopathogenic Nematodes.

https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa209


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