Link between Flavonoid-Rich Diet and Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults

Jenn Hoskins
28th August, 2024

Link between Flavonoid-Rich Diet and Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults

Image Source: Natural Science News, 2024

Key Findings

  • The study from Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China, found that higher flavonoid intake is linked to a lower risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
  • People consuming more flavonoids had significantly reduced odds of developing CKD compared to those with the lowest intake
  • An optimal flavonoid intake level around 69.58 mg/day was identified, showing the most significant protective effect against CKD
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health issue characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. The National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-KDOQI) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) have provided guidelines for the evaluation and management of CKD, emphasizing the importance of glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in CKD classification[2]. Despite these guidelines, the search for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies continues. Recent research from the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China, has explored the potential protective role of flavonoids—naturally occurring compounds found in various fruits, vegetables, and beverages—against CKD[1]. Flavonoids are well-known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which contribute to their health benefits[3]. Previous studies have highlighted the renoprotective effects of flavonoids, suggesting their potential in managing conditions such as diabetic nephropathy and chemically-induced kidney insufficiency[4]. The current study aimed to investigate the association between daily flavonoid intake and CKD risk in US adults, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018. This cross-sectional study analyzed dietary data collected through 24-hour recall questionnaires from NHANES participants. CKD was defined based on an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1.73m² or a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 mg/g or higher. The study examined the odds ratios (OR) for CKD risk across four quartiles of total flavonoid intake, comparing each with the lowest quartile (Q1). The findings revealed that higher flavonoid intake was associated with a reduced risk of CKD. Specifically, the ORs for CKD risk in the second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth (Q4) quartiles of flavonoid intake were 0.780, 0.741, and 0.716, respectively, compared to the first quartile. A significant trend (P = 0.040) was observed, indicating a protective effect of flavonoids against CKD. Moreover, a non-linear relationship between total flavonoid intake and CKD risk was identified, with an optimal intake level around 69.58 mg/day. These results align with previous findings that flavonoids can mitigate renal damage through various mechanisms, including reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and blood pressure[4]. By interfering with multiple signaling pathways, flavonoids help prevent or attenuate renal injury, which is crucial in conditions like diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive kidney disease[4]. The current study further supports the notion that moderate flavonoid consumption can confer significant renal benefits, offering potential novel strategies for CKD prevention and management. Incorporating flavonoids into the diet could be a practical approach to reducing CKD risk. Foods rich in flavonoids, such as berries, apples, citrus fruits, onions, and tea, could be emphasized in dietary recommendations. Future research should focus on identifying specific flavonoids and their optimal intake levels to maximize renal protection. Additionally, long-term interventional studies are needed to confirm these findings and translate them into clinical practice. In conclusion, the study from the Southern University of Science and Technology highlights the potential of flavonoids in reducing CKD risk, reinforcing the importance of dietary flavonoid intake as part of a comprehensive strategy for CKD prevention. These findings build on previous research and offer promising avenues for future investigation and public health recommendations.

MedicineNutritionHealth

References

Main Study

1) Association between dietary intake of flavonoid and chronic kidney disease in US adults: Evidence from NHANES 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018.

Published 27th August, 2024

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309026

Related Studies

2) KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD.

https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.01.416

3) Plant flavonoids: Classification, distribution, biosynthesis, and antioxidant activity.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132531

4) Flavonoids in Kidney Health and Disease.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00394


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