Genetics of Flight in Invasive Moths: Understanding a Complex Trait

Jenn Hoskins
1st June, 2024

Genetics of Flight in Invasive Moths: Understanding a Complex Trait

Image Source: Natural Science News, 2024

Key Findings

  • The study by Natural Resources Canada focused on the European spongy moth (ESM) and Asian spongy moth (ASM) to understand the genetic basis of flight capability
  • Female ASM can typically fly, while female ESM are generally flightless, impacting their dispersal and invasive potential
  • Researchers identified specific genetic markers linked to flight capability, which can help in monitoring and controlling these invasive moth populations
The spread of invasive species poses a significant threat to ecosystems and economies worldwide. Among these, the European spongy moth (ESM, Lymantria dispar dispar) and the Asian spongy moth (ASM, represented by L. d. asiatica and L. d. japonica) are particularly concerning due to their ability to invade new habitats. A recent study conducted by Natural Resources Canada[1] has delved into the genetic underpinnings of flight capability in these moths, a key trait that enhances their dispersal potential and invasive success. This study is crucial because it addresses the need for effective profiling tools to manage the spread of these species. Flight capability in female moths varies between the two groups: female ASM are typically capable of flight, whereas female ESM are generally flightless. Identifying genetic markers associated with flight capability could significantly aid in monitoring and controlling these invasive populations at any intercepted life stage. To unravel the genetic basis of flight capability in these moths, the researchers employed multiple genetic approaches. These included reduced representation genome-wide association studies (GWAS), whole genome sequence comparisons, and developmental transcriptomics. By integrating these methods, the study aimed to capture comprehensive signals of genetic divergence related to flight between ESM and ASM. The findings of this study are particularly relevant in the context of previous research on dispersal and invasive species management. For instance, dispersal is a critical process influencing the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations[2]. Understanding the genetic basis of dispersal traits, such as flight capability, can inform predictions about the spread of invasive species and guide management strategies. This study builds on the knowledge that dispersal traits are typically polygenic and influenced by multiple interacting genes[2]. By identifying specific genetic markers associated with flight, the researchers have provided valuable insights into the genetic architecture of this complex trait. Moreover, the study's findings have practical implications for managing invasive plant species. Previous research has explored the use of genetic elements, such as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), to control weed populations[3]. Similarly, identifying genetic markers for flight capability in spongy moths can inform targeted interventions to limit their spread. For instance, management actions could focus on disrupting the flight capability of female ASM to reduce their dispersal potential and mitigate the risk of invasion. The study also highlights the role of environmental factors in shaping the genetic basis of dispersal traits. Previous research has shown that the genetic basis of dispersal can be highly environment-dependent, with correlations between dispersal traits and other traits under selection[2]. By examining the ecological context of spongy moth flight evolution, the researchers have provided a deeper understanding of how environmental pressures influence the genetic architecture of flight capability. In summary, this study by Natural Resources Canada has made significant strides in identifying genetic markers associated with flight capability in spongy moths. By employing a combination of genetic approaches, the researchers have captured complementary signals of genetic divergence related to flight between ESM and ASM. These findings have important implications for managing the spread of invasive species and contribute to our understanding of the genetic basis of dispersal traits. As climate change and other anthropogenic stressors continue to drive ecological transformations, such insights are crucial for developing effective strategies to protect ecosystems and minimize economic losses[4].

GeneticsAnimal ScienceEvolution

References

Main Study

1) Genetics of flight in spongy moths (Lymantria dispar ssp.): functionally integrated profiling of a complex invasive trait

Published 31st May, 2024

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-023-09936-8

Related Studies

2) Genetics of dispersal.

https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12356

3) Genetic control of invasive plants species using selfish genetic elements.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00102.x

4) Temperate forest health in an era of emerging megadisturbance.

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa9933


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