How mRNA and lncRNA Help Rye Plants Survive Flooding

Jenn Hoskins
13th June, 2024

How mRNA and lncRNA Help Rye Plants Survive Flooding

Image Source: Natural Science News, 2024

Key Findings

  • The study by Yangtze University focused on identifying genes that help rye resist waterlogging stress (WS)
  • The rye cultivar Secale cereale L. Imperil showed the highest tolerance to prolonged waterlogged conditions
  • Researchers identified specific DE-mRNAs and DE-lncRNAs involved in the WS response, which are crucial for developing WS-resistant rye varieties
Understanding how crops respond to waterlogging stress (WS) is crucial for improving agricultural productivity, especially in the face of changing climate conditions. Waterlogging, which occurs when soil is saturated with water, can severely stunt plant growth and reduce crop yields. This study, conducted by Yangtze University, focuses on identifying genes that help rye resist WS, potentially offering solutions for breeding more resilient crops[1]. In this study, researchers exposed different rye cultivars and wild rye species to 12 days of WS. Among these, the cultivar Secale cereale L. Imperil exhibited a higher tolerance to prolonged waterlogged conditions. To uncover the genetic factors behind this tolerance, the team performed whole transcriptome sequencing on this resilient cultivar. Transcriptome sequencing is a technique that allows scientists to analyze all the RNA molecules expressed by an organism, providing insights into gene activity under specific conditions. The researchers identified differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DE-mRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (DE-lncRNAs) that were involved in the WS response. DE-mRNAs are RNA molecules that carry genetic information from DNA to the protein-making machinery of cells, while DE-lncRNAs are RNA molecules that do not code for proteins but can regulate gene expression. This study builds on previous research that has explored the genetic responses of various crops to WS. For instance, a study on wheat identified thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to waterlogging, revealing that genes related to photosynthesis were downregulated, while those involved in steroid biosynthesis and hormone signal transduction were upregulated[2]. Similarly, another study on maize seedlings found that waterlogging induced significant changes in gene expression, particularly in pathways related to hypoxia (low oxygen conditions), such as glycolysis and methionine metabolism[3]. These findings highlight the complex genetic networks that plants activate to cope with WS. The current study on rye expands our understanding by focusing on a different crop and identifying specific DE-mRNAs and DE-lncRNAs that contribute to WS tolerance. The identification of these genetic components is a crucial step toward developing rye varieties that can thrive in waterlogged conditions. By comparing the genetic responses of different crops, researchers can identify common pathways and unique mechanisms that confer WS resistance. The implications of this research are significant, particularly in the context of climate change, which is expected to increase the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, including heavy rainfall and flooding. Understanding the genetic basis of WS tolerance can inform breeding programs aimed at developing crops that are more resilient to such conditions. For example, the identification of specific DE-mRNAs and DE-lncRNAs in rye could lead to the development of molecular markers for selecting WS-resistant varieties. Moreover, the findings from this study could be applied to other crops. By leveraging the knowledge gained from rye, scientists can explore similar genetic responses in related species and potentially transfer beneficial traits through breeding or genetic engineering. This approach aligns with previous research that has emphasized the need for region-specific strategies to address the impacts of climate change on crop yields[4]. In conclusion, the study conducted by Yangtze University provides valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying WS tolerance in rye. By identifying key DE-mRNAs and DE-lncRNAs, the research paves the way for developing more resilient crop varieties. This work, in conjunction with previous studies on other crops, contributes to a broader understanding of how plants respond to WS and offers promising avenues for enhancing agricultural productivity in waterlogged environments.

GeneticsBiochemPlant Science

References

Main Study

1) Transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory mechanisms of messenger RNA (mRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in response to waterlogging stress in rye (Secale cereale L.)

Published 12th June, 2024

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05234-x

Related Studies

2) Novel Insights Into Genetic Responses for Waterlogging Stress in Two Local Wheat Cultivars in Yangtze River Basin.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.681680

3) A Comprehensive Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Long Non-Coding RNA to be Involved in the Key Metabolic Pathway in Response to Waterlogging Stress in Maize.

https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11030267

4) Impacts of recent climate change on crop yield can depend on local conditions in climatically diverse regions of Norway.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30813-7


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